Andean Aymara

This is an interesting look at the mesh of numerical operations and Andean culture with a particular emphasis on Inkan khipus and the Quechua weaving. The book is accessible even to those with little knowledge of mathematics or anthropology and gives plenty of background, beginning with the initial chapter which offers a brief overview of the philosophy of arithmetic and describes the goal of the book.  From there, Urton launches into discussions of cardinal and ordinal numbers in Quechua before tackling counting. From there he devotes a chapter to describing which he perceives as the Quechua approach to mathematics: rectification, i.e. achieving balance, in contrast to the colonialist attitudes. Prior to outlining his conclusions, Urton also has a chapter on the role of numbers and arithmetic in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial times in the Andes.

You can brouse this book here.